Numerical simulations of viscoelastic particle migration in a microchannel with triangular cross-section

The migration of a spherical particle immersed in a viscoelastic liquid flowing in a microchannel with a triangular cross-section is investigated by direct numerical simulations under inertialess conditions. The viscoelastic fluid is modeled through two constitutive equations to investigate the effect of the second normal stress difference and the resulting secondary flows on the migration phenomenon. The results are presented in terms of trajectories followed by the particles released at different initial positions over the channel cross-section in a wide range of Weissenberg numbers and confinement ratios. Particles suspended in a fluid with a negligible second normal stress difference migrate toward the channel centerline or the closest wall, depending on their initial position. A much more complex dynamics is found for particles suspended in a fluid with a relevant second normal stress difference due to the appearance of secondary flows that compete with the migration phenomenon. Depending on the Weissenberg number and confinement ratio, additional equilibrium positions (points or closed orbits) may appear. In this case, the channel centerline becomes unstable and the particles are driven to the corners or “entrapped” in recirculation regions within the channel cross-section. The inversion of the centerline stability can be exploited to design efficient size-based separation devices.     

大环分子衍生物在人工跨膜离子通道领域中的研究进展

大环分子如环糊精、冠醚等因具备独特的空腔结构, 能够通过主-客体相互作用实现对分子、离子的特异性识别, 因此常被应用于人工跨膜离子传输系统的研究和开发. 与天然的通道蛋白相比, 大环分子具有价格低廉、性质稳定、结构易于修饰和功能化等诸多优点, 因而备受科研工作者们的关注. 本综述详细介绍了大环分子在人工离子通道领域中的研究进展, 按照不同的大环分子进行分类, 系统归纳了基于大环结构的人工跨膜通道的制备方法、结构调控以及其在生物医药领域中的潜在应用. 最后对大环类人工离子通道做了简要的总结和展望, 该综述对于发展新型人工离子通道以及发掘其潜在的应用价值具有重要意义.     

Stokes flow solutions in infinite and semi-infinite porous channels

We derive a class of exact solutions for Stokes flow in infinite and semi-infinite channel geometries with permeable walls. These simple, explicit, series expressions for both pressure and Stokes flow are valid for all permeability values. At the channel walls, we impose a no-slip condition for the tangential fluid velocity and a condition based on Darcy's law for the normal fluid velocity. Fluid flow across the channel boundaries is driven by the pressure drop between the channel interior and exterior; we assume the exterior pressure to be constant. We show how the ground state is an exact solution in the infinite channel case. For the semi-infinite channel domain, the ground-state solutions approximate well the full exact solution in the bulk and we derive a method to improve their accuracy at the transverse wall. This study is motivated by the need to quantitatively understand the detailed fluid dynamics applicable in a variety of engineering applications including membrane-based water purification, heat and mass transfer, and fuel cells.     

深海远程正交频分复用水声通信簇约束的分布式 压缩感知信道估计*

在深海远程正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)水声通信中,信道时延较长,导致信道频率选择性衰落严重,传统的压缩感知信道估计算法性能大幅下降。为此,本文利用深海远程信道在一定时间内具有相关性并呈较稳定簇状分布的特点,在分布式压缩感知信道估计中引入簇区域信息,进行簇约束的多数据块联合稀疏信道估计,提出一种簇约束的分布式压缩感知信道估计方法,并在深海开展了定点远程水声通信实验进行验证,实验结果表明,与传统的分布式压缩感知信道估计算法相比,本方法的能够降低50%左右的误码率。     

结构可靠度计算中的描述性抽样法

本文提出描述性抽样方法的实质，即利用更少的时间抽取更多的服从要求概率分布的样本点，讨论了该方法的计算步骤和适用范围，并将描述性抽样方法与重要抽样方法结合起来计算多变量多模式的结构失效概率，比较了描述性抽样方法与一般抽样法的方差，算例结果表明描述性抽样方法具有较好的收敛性．     

槽道纤维悬浮流稳定性的实验研究

对槽道纤维悬浮流进行染色线流动显示和流场PIV实验测量,实验中选用的是直径为20μm、长径比为20～100的尼龙纤维。PIV2100处理器被用来加工处理采集的实验数据。槽道长度1.5m,横截面为矩形,尺寸为105×19mm。实验结果说明在Reynolds数相同的情况下,纤维悬浮流比对应的牛顿流更不容易失稳,悬浮流中的纤维起着抑制流场失稳的作用,而且随着纤维体积分数和长径比的增大,抑制失稳的程度也提高。扰动衰减率的最小值随纤维体积分数和长径比的增加而增大,这一效果在大Re数时更明显。     

Validation of Thermal Equilibrium Assumption in Transient Forced Convection Flow in Porous Channel

The validity of the local thermal equilibrium assumption in the transient forced convection channel flow is investigated analytically. Closed form expressions are presented for the temperatures of the fluid and solid domains and for the criterion which insures the validity of the local thermal equilibrium assumption. It is found that four dimensionless parameters control the local thermal equilibrium assumption. These parameters are the porosity , the volumetric Biot number Bi, the dimensionless channel length _max and the solid to fluid total thermal capacity ratio C _R. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of the effects of these four parameters on the channel thermal equilibrium relaxation time are investigated.     

结构的多机并行分析I——结构的并行有限元方法

本文详细分析和讨论了结构分析的并行有限元方法—并行预处理共轭梯度法(以下简称PPCG法)。着重讨论了基于自带存储器的多处理机系统的并行预处理算法问题,并由此提出了两种PPCG法:PPCG1和PPCG2法。这两种方法适用于以单道剖分(one-way dissection)的子结构法为基础的并行分析。由于这种剖分法产生的结构刚度矩阵具有箭头形状,可独立地消除各子结构的内部自由度,并且不会在刚度矩阵中产生新的非零元素,因此很适合具有较多处理机的并行机系统对复杂结构进行的并行分析。     

Measurement of bubble size, velocity and concentration in flashing flow behind a sudden constriction

In the present paper the results of investigations in flashing flow behind a sudden constriction in vertical upflow are described. Flow visualization, laser-Doppler and phase-Doppler anemometry have been used to measure local bubble and fluid velocities, local bubble sizes and void fractions. The measurements were performed in the midplane of a two-dimensional channel with a 2:1 stepwise constriction.It was found that bubble nucleation takes place in the recirculation zone immediately behind the constriction, which is the location of the lowest static pressure. These bubbles are transported downstream by the mean flow field, while undergoing further growth. No additional nucleation was observed downstream of the recirculation zone. A periodic, cloudwise behaviour of the bubble formation was found which could be explained by the interaction between the bubble growth and the mean flow field. This interaction results in strong disturbances of the mean flow field, which show up as an increase of the fluctuating bubble velocity by a factor of 3 compared to single-phase measurements in a region of 10 step heights behind the constriction. However, these fluctuations appear more like a periodic change in the mean velocity rather than a higher turbulence level. The measured arithmetic mean bubble diameters rise from approx. 50 μm in the recirculation region to about 70–80 μm 50 step heights downstream. Maximum local bubble number density and void fraction were found to be 160001/cm³ and 0.8%, respectively.